Development and Principles of Editing

In camera editing: This is a technique where the cinematographer shoots the sequences into a strict order. The new edit is therefore already complete when the film is developed. So this would be the film is shot and then the film is the cut and stuck back together. An example of this would be:

Pro- The advantage of in camera editing is that it's very cheap to make and produce.

Con- However a disadvantage of in camera editing, is that it's very time consuming.

Following the action: This is used when there is a scene with a lot of movement/big action scene and the camera follows the action, this could be where a tripod is used when following a car moving forward. An example of this is in the film 'Mr and Mrs Smith', where they have a huge action scene which follows the gun, so the camera rotates, so it shows the scene in several angles, rather than just one.

Pro- The pro of following the action is that the overall effect, looks good due to the different angles that have been used.
Con- It may be hard to capture the action, as it's going at a fast pace.

Multiple points of view: Different shots and angles of the same person taken at the same moment in time. So this means the person is in the same place and pose, but there are multiple shots of this person being taking, but from different angles. An example of this would be the music video 'Countdown', by Beyonce.

Pro- This particular editing technique makes the audience, focus on the subject more.
Con- This could become quite repetitive and boring for the audience to watch.

Shot Variation: Shot variation is an editing technique which is used in filming, which allows you to capture the person or subject, from several different angles and positions. For example you may have a music video that uses: long shot, mid shots and high angle shots. An example of a music video that uses shot variation is 'The Foo Fighters- The pretender'.

Pro- Having different angles engages and the audience more, because it's more exciting.
Con- By having loads of different shots, it can make the video seem at a really fast pace. This can be too fast for certain people.

Manipulation of diegetic time and space: Manipulation of diegetic time and space is when a film uses effects an age or time change. This is when either an object or person or environment is getting younger or older throughout. An example of this is the Disney film 'Tarzan', there is his growing up scene, where he starts as a young boy and grows eventually to a man. (1 minute 30 seconds- 1 minute 40 seconds)

Pro- It cuts out some of the 'boring' or 'unnecessary' parts, of the film that the audience wouldn't miss.

Con- This technique generally takes a longer amount of time to produce. 

Audio Editing: Audio editing is a software which allows the user to manipulate audio by: altering the length, speed, and volume or to create additional versions of the original. Audio editing is almost always done on a computer software.

Pro- You are able to add in sounds in audio that weren't there when recorded, or take out sounds.

Con- You have to have the correct technological equipment and software, to allow you to edit anything.

Linear Editing- This is a method that uses tape to tape editing. This means that when editing, it is done in the order of the sequence. So the beginning of the video would be edited first all through until the end. This method was mainly used for videos and tapes as you had to rewind and fast forward to the bit you wanted.

Pro-It is simple and inexpensive.

Con-It is an outdated method that is not used that commonly anymore.

Non Linear Editing-This is a method of editing in which you can access any frame in a digital video clip regardless of the order the clips are in. They use a cut and paste method which allows you to include fades, transitions and other effects. This method was mainly used for CD’s and DVD’s as you could just skip to the bit you wanted without having to rewind and fast forward it all.

Pro-It allows you access to any frame, scene, or even groups of scenes at any time.
Con-Expensive and not cost efficient. E.g. cost of the technology, computers, cameras and digital camcorders.

•An example of a ‘Light Flash’ Transition - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnVUHWCynig (11 seconds – 16 seconds)